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Engineering nanocellulose based material through the bottom-up approach has addressed great attention. Bacterial cellulose synthesis in nature follows this concept, but it is challenging to control its morphology. In this study, various bacterial culturing parameters were assessed with the goal of assembling uniform spherical bacterial cellulose (SBC) which has advantages owing to its unique morphology...
Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) requires a high reaction temperature (150–230 °C) in aqueous/organic systems. In this study, a novel choline chloride–formic acid-SnCl4·5H2O (ChCl–Fa–SnCl4) catalytic system was designed to transform herbal residues (HRs) carbohydrates into furanic derivatives at temperatures below 140 °C. The total...
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass results in the generation of a great number of inhibitors, which seriously hinder microbial growth and fermentation. Furfural, one inhibitor produced, can impede Aspergillus terreus growth and itaconic acid (IA) production. In this study, chemical mutagenesis was employed to improve the tolerance of A. terreus to furfural, with results showing significant improvement...
Pretreatment with solid base catalysts addressed the challenge of recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic cell wall and provided insight into an economical and environmentally friendly biorefinery technology. Several solid base catalysts were prepared, to establish a reliable assessment of the factors governing their catalytic behaviors. The activity of solid base catalysts, allowing the more accessible...
Rice husk is a kind of biomass feedstock with high ash content. The effect of acid washing (HCl, HF and H3PO4) on the inorganic contents in rice husk was analyzed in this study. The optimal pretreatment conditions for pyrolysis product distribution, including acid concentration, washing temperature and washing time, were investigated via pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Compared...
In this study, the effects of ex situ and in situ processes, Fe loading, temperature, ratio of catalyst to biomass, and gas flow rate on the formation of light olefins and aromatics, as well as their selectivity in the catalytic fast pyrolysis from hemicellulose were investigated in a fixed bed reactor. The highest carbon yield of light olefins (4.50%) and aromatics (6.77%) was obtained at 3% Fe loading...
Biomass pyrolysis process involves complex primary and secondary decomposition reactions which together determine the final pyrolytic product distribution. Carboxylic acids produced by primary pyrolysis have significant influences on the secondary reactions, whereas the specific manifestation of these influences has not been determined. In this work, acetic acid (AA) and levoglucosan (LG) are selected...
Chinese fir sawdust (CFS) is an abundant potential feedstock for bio-ethanol production. However, as a sawdust from this softwood, its high recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis limits its successful application. Herein, a novel two-step pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment followed by sodium chlorite delignification was developed to enhance enzymatic digestibility of CFS. After dilute...
Lignocellulosic biomass-derived bio-oil is considered as a promising renewable biofuel. In this paper, incipient wetness impregnation method, ammonia grafting method and direct synthesis method were employed as nickel loading methods for the preparation of Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalysts. The effects of these nickel loading approaches on the structure and hydrodeoxygenation performance of Ni/Al-SBA-15 were...
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) has been widely used in medicine, food and cosmetic industries. In this study, a combination method by using hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and fibrolytic enzyme purification was studied to extract MCC from sweet sorghum. The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis condition and therefore to maximize the MCC yield and cellulose...
Torrefaction is a promising pretreatment technology for biomass and its pyrolysis products upgrading. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of torrefaction on the pyrolysis of seaweed biomass. TG, Py-GC/MS and fixed-bed experiments were used at a series of typical torrefaction temperatures (225 °C, 250 °C, 275 °C and 300 °C) and pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C). The...
We systematically compare the different properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained by oxalic acid and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods. The variant characteristics of two kinds of CNCs were confirmed by XRD, DLS, Zeta, TGA, and SEM techniques. When CNCs were mixed with PEG, and the chiral nematic tissue of CNCs was retained in the solid film to observe the liquid crystal phase by evaporation-induced...
Levulinic acid (LA) production from corncob acid hydrolysis residues (CAHR) using FeCl3 as Lewis acid catalyst in green solutions of salt was investigated. The reaction kinetic relationships were determined in the temperature range of 160–180 °C, with FeCl3 concentrations of 0.12–0.36 M, and a reaction time of 0–60 min. The maximum LA concentration of 59.0 mol% (24.5 g/L) was achieved at 170 °C in...
The waste rice straw is a sustainable bioresource with large reserves and low-cost, thus can be used to produce fuels and chemicals to enhance its value. In this paper, we have developed a new method to convert rice straw into biogasoline with high yield in one step by using multifunctional catalyst of RhCl3/NaI/HCl/H2 in a biphasic reaction system. Lipid and lignin in the rice straw hindered its...
This work addresses a microwave-assisted, NaCl–H2O/γ-valerolactone (GVL) solvent system for the co-production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and saccharides from cellulose, examining the effects of the solvent system (H2O/GVL), NaCl concentration and reaction time. Oligosaccharides and glucose were completely recovered in the aqueous phase and their yields varied between 4–67 and 0–16 wt%, respectively,...
In this study, a cellulosome-producing yeast reaction system with cellulase and hemicellulase activities is developed for synergistic catalysis of steam-exploded corn stover. Three adaptor scaffoldins with divergent specificities serve to contain an extensive type and amount of catalytic subunits. The maximum ethanol concentration of engineered yeast strain was 0.92 g/l corresponding to 53.44% of...
In the present examination, the thermochemical behavior of the lignin extracted from willow (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu) by deep eutectic solvents (DES) treatment (DES-lignin) with varied times were investigated with the techniques of thermogravimetric analyzer, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared pyrolysis (in situ-FTIR), and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that...
It is important to limit the formation of inhibitors when bio-refining lignocellulose for bioethanol production by steam explosion pretreatment. In this research, we found steam explosion with sulfite (SES) was an effective and efficient pretreatment for hybrid Pennisetum which was crossed by Pennisetum americanum and P.purpureum (Pennisetum americanum × P.purpureum) bio-conversion. The combined hydrolysis...
Bio-hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass has shown significant potential for helping to meet future energy demand. In the present work, we have utilized the Paulownia lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock for hydrogen production which has great potential for sustainable supply over the year due to its high growth rate. A dark and photo co-fermentative mechanism was adopted in a newly proposed...
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